Trafficking task force eyes charges in Coppler case
By BOB BLAKE
L IMA — Nicholle Coppler ran away, leaving her home on Broadway Street in May 1999. She never returned. Nearly 13 years later, a federal crime task force is closing in on charges against individuals who may have played a role in why the Lima teenager never came home.
Three times law enforcement officials have conducted raids at sites in Allen and Hardin counties looking for clues or for Coppler herself. The searches never found Coppler, though traces of her — a human hair and her school identification card — were found inside the home of Glen Fryer at 735 S. Elizabeth St.
Fryer, who reportedly was going to talk to authorities about Coppler, committed suicide in the Allen County Jail in February 2002 — four days after pleading no contest to rape charges involving a 12-year-old girl.
Coppler’s case remains open and active for the members of the Northwest Ohio Violent Crimes Against Children Task Force. Comprised of members of the FBI, Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation and other local law enforcement agencies, including the Lima Police Department, the task force has continued its work to determine what happened to Coppler and bring those responsible to justice.
“The task force is investigating Coppler’s activities prior to her disappearance. Other persons of interest involved with Glen Fryer are being looked into for possible state and federal charges,” said Investigator David Gillispie, a member of the task force and the Lima Police Department. “No information has been received that [she] is alive, however she cannot be presumed deceased at this time. I would welcome any information from the public.”
The Coppler investigation now centers on individuals believed to be involved in human trafficking. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center calls it a modern-day form of slavery where victims are “subjected to force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labor.”
Unlike prevailing public perceptions, human trafficking isn’t just a problem in exotic locations abroad or in major urban areas. It’s a problem in the United States, Ohio and Lima, too. In fact, human trafficking is the second-largest criminal enterprise in the world, second only to the drug trade, officials said.
How big is the problem?
Advocates of human trafficking awareness and prevention said the scope of human trafficking is staggering.
Statistics from the National Human Trafficking Resource Center estimate between 600,000 and 800,000 people annually are trafficked across international borders worldwide. Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine, who has continued an Ohio Human Trafficking Commission initiated by his predecessor Richard Cordray, said by some estimates human trafficking is a $32 billion a year international enterprise.
“It’s a nasty, nasty crime. All crimes are nasty. I think what particularly makes this offensive is that most of the victims are young, most of them are under 18, there’s someone who is dominating them,” DeWine said in an interview with The Lima News. “There is someone who is older who is making them work against their will or making them have sex against their will. It’s something that we all should be concerned about, that should affect all of us. It should make us all mad. We all should have a sense of indignation about this.”
As many as 100,000 children in the United States are thought to be involved in the sex trade, according to DeWine’s office. Most of the girls involved begin between the ages of 12 and 14.
“It’s a quiet, silent, insidious crime. It’s very difficult to detect,” DeWine said. “What our office has started to do now since I became attorney general is focus more on the criminal side of this. Frankly, we have a ways to go and we need help.”
Mercer County Sheriff Jeff Grey, president of the Buckeye State Sheriffs’ Association, said the organization has offered training specifically on the issue within the past year. Grey, however, said he wasn’t aware of any cases of human trafficking in Mercer County or in the surrounding counties.
“It’s hard from a law enforcement perspective because we’re mostly reactionary. We certainly go out on patrol, we certainly try to do crime prevention type activities and educate the community,” Grey said. “When a crime is happening most of the time we find out when a victim tells us or someone else who’s seen the activity tells us. It makes it very difficult because if nobody is telling us about the problem, it’s hard for us to react to the problem.”
An Ohio problem, too
Gillispie said the work of the federal task force out of Toledo has shown the prevalence of the issue not only in the United States but also in Ohio.
A growing awareness of the scope of the issue and the connections between Toledo and Lima helped precipitate Gillispie’s assignment full-time to the task force in early 2009, he said.
“This issue came about as a result of numerous complaints of juveniles, especially juveniles from the Lima and Allen County area, being lured away from this area by the Internet or being actively involved in prostitution outside of Ohio,” Gillispie said. “Girls from Toledo as well as Detroit are often recruited and sent from the Toledo area to Lima and to Beaverdam to the truck stops under pimp control. I wouldn’t say our problem in Lima is prostitution within our city as far as the juveniles. The cases I’ve been running, girls from Lima have been recruited and sent outside the area to include Fort Wayne, Covington, Ky. and elsewhere for the actual prostitution.”
A report from the Ohio Trafficking in Persons Study Commission to former Attorney General Richard Cordray found that Toledo is No. 4 in the country in terms of the number of arrests, investigations and rescue of domestic minor sex trafficking. Only Miami, Fla., Portland, Ore. and Las Vegas rank higher.
“It’s a huge problem globally and nationally. The most important thing is it’s here. I’ve seen two cases firsthand,” said Mark Ensalaco, associate professor of political science and director of the Human Rights Studies Program at the University of Dayton. “One a foreign national and one a U.S. citizen, an American girl at a local high school who was trafficked into sex beginning at the age of 14. It was two years before we were able to extricate her from that.”
A 2009 conference at the University of Dayton on the issue of human trafficking sparked enough interest to get a new group, Abolition Ohio, formed to address modern-day slavery. The group has generated support from local, state and federal law enforcement agencies, students, other civic groups and social service agencies, Ensalaco said.
“They know it’s here. They’ve seen it, they’re concerned about it. We’re very happy there’s a multiple level of awareness that modern slavery exists here but also the commitment to try to abolish it,” Ensalaco said. “It’s a very difficult phenomenon to identify. Victims are afraid to come forward. It’s a clandestine criminal enterprise. It’s very profitable. It’s very hard to track this.”
Ensalaco said one of the problems that has been identified is the lack of safe havens for those who are rescued from traffickers.
“The big problem now is what do you do when you rescue them. They need protection,” he said. “There are homes for runaways, but they may not have the expertise to deal with the broad range of issues facing these people.”
A safe haven
Recognizing the need for a safe haven for victims of human trafficking, Gracehaven, a nonprofit organization, was founded in 2008 with the goal of opening Ohio’s first shelter.
Theresa Flores, director of training and education for Gracehaven, said the goal is to open the house — at an undisclosed location in Logan County — yet this year. In the years since its founding the group, with an office in Dublin, has been focused on increasing awareness of the issue.
“Pimps are traffickers. A lot of people don’t realize that,” Flores said. “We as a society just don’t label it as that. That’s part of the problem.”
Flores said studies have shown the average pimp involved in human trafficking makes $300,000 a year in cash through threats, coercion and violence toward the people they are trafficking.
“To me human trafficking is a big deal. You’re using a person continuously, nightly. Rape in the first degree could be a one-time thing,” Flores said. “It’s just sad from a victim’s perspective. That’s what they’re faced with. That’s why it’s so hard to heal sometimes because society doesn’t believe you and everything is against you. It’s like you have to convince people that this is a problem. How many crimes are out there that the victims have to convince people that this is wrong, that they were a victim?”
Flores knows. She’s been there. She was just 15 and a sophomore in high school in an affluent suburb of Detroit when a boy she had a crush on drugged and raped her. Male family members of the boy took photographs and told her she’d have to “earn them back,” threatening to show them to her parents, her dad’s boss and others if she told anyone.
For two years, Flores endured the threats, beatings, being drugged and raped associated with human trafficking. The experience changed the course of her life as she pursued a career as a social worker. It wasn’t until a convention several years ago that she realized her experience had a name — human trafficking.
“No one would choose this. I didn’t,” Flores said. “It just gets bigger and bigger and you don’t know how to get out.”
It was an instantaneous decision to get involved in raising awareness of the issue, Flores said. As she puts it, human trafficking awareness and prevention became her life’s purpose.
Flores said she was shocked when she realized just how much of an issue human trafficking is in Ohio.
Studies through the Ohio Human Trafficking Commission estimate more than 1,079 children are being trafficked currently in the state. The studies have also estimated more than 700 immigrants are being trafficked. Current estimates put the number of people who are being trafficked either in the sex or labor trades around 4,000, Flores said.
While it has been difficult to tell her story and be identified as a human trafficking victim, it has been part of her healing process, Flores said.
“The biggest part of my healing has been finding my purpose and trying to make sure this doesn’t happen to others,” Flores said. “The biggest factor has been finding my calling. Something like Gracehaven is a very tangible way to heal, to have something for these young girls that I didn’t have when I was their age.”
Changing the culture
Increasing awareness of the issue is one way advocacy groups and law enforcement officials are working to get a handle on and stamp out the issue of human trafficking.
“We’re trying to change the culture and trying to change people’s attitudes. It’s not that people don’t care,” DeWine said. “It’s just a police officer’s got a ton of things to do that are coming at him or at her every single day. This one doesn’t necessarily jump up and hit them in the face.
“You get a burglary report, you take the report. You get a rape report, you take the report. You investigate it. These, you don’t get reports on. The victim is not calling you. The victim is not saying solve my crime because the victim is being coerced and so you have to get evidence someplace else.”
That’s exactly what the members of the Northwest Ohio Violent Crimes Against Children Task Force in Toledo have been doing in the Coppler case.
“It’s an active investigation. We have made progress in the case,” Gillispie said. “We’re hoping to be able to charge people shortly with that and not so much in the missing juvenile but possibly in the area of human trafficking.”
Gillispie said any indictments will be sought in U.S. District Court and will be announced by the FBI’s Cleveland office since it is a federal investigation.
“The public perception on prostitution ranges from disgust to legalization. It’s viewed by some as a victimless crime,” Gillispie said. “When I speak to girls involved in prostitution, I ask them why. I have been told many reasons including supporting of a drug habit, doing for the love of their boyfriend/pimp and needing money. I have never been told that they are doing it for enjoyment.
“The victimization can continue for years. Victims are reluctant to provide information on their abusers out of fear, loyalty or the belief that no one cares about them. The victimization is downplayed by media. TV shows, music have glamorized the life of the prostitutes and pimps. The reality for victims is something entirely different. Physical and mental abuse, drug addiction and rape are the norm.”
Published in The Lima News: Jan. 29, 2012